Analysis Study Of Colonial Discourse In Literature

Analysis Study Of Colonial Discourse In Literature Colonial discourse has been defined by many writers such as Diniz (1996:126) who points out hat â€Å"Colonial discourse usually refers to the writing which runs from five hundred years, through the days of European mercantile expansion, to our own time (1996:126). This definition suggests that the era of Colonialism in literature began in the 17th C. with the publication of Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1611-12). In this paper, however, the term is used to refer to the literature written in English, but confined to the century of British Colonialism and the decades of anti- or post colonial activity which followed. Said’s Orientalism (1978) uses the concept of colonial discourse to re-order the study of colonialism. So it can be said to inaugurate a new kind of study of colonialism. Said’s Orientalism examines how the East, including the Middle East, is represented in the history and the literature written by the West. The West always looks at the East as inferio r people without religion or morals. Said’s projecttries to show how knowledge about the non-Europeans was part of the process of maintaining power over them. In short, Orientalism is primarily concerned with how the Orient was constructed by Western Literature and not with how such construction was received by colonial subjects. It examines the Western attitudes toward the East. Said concludes that the Western writers depict the Orient as â€Å"irrational,† â€Å"week† and â€Å"feminised other†. This depiction can be contrasted with the depiction of the West as â€Å"rational†, â€Å"strong† and â€Å"masculine†. Said’s Culture and Imperialism (1994) Colonial discourse is a concept popularized by Edward Said. In this paper, it refers also to the knowledge of Africa constructed by the West (colonial writers: as Defoe and Conrad) to bolster its colonizing interests, and the reaction of the East (colonized writers as: Achebe). C olonial discourse has not been the product of a certain age and it has attracted the attention of several writers and critics. Those celebrated authors as Conrad and Defoe created remarkable works out of the subject of Colonialism. Nowadays, Colonial discourse is one of the most current issues in literary criticism. 1.2. Life and Works of Defoe, Conrad and Achebe 1.2.1. Life and Works of Defoe: Danial Defoe was born about 1660 in London. His father, James Foe, was poor but hard working butcher. Defoe was not able to attend traditional institutions like Oxford and Cambridge because of his father’s opposition. Defoe is often considered the father of English novel. He is a master of simple prose and powerful narrative with a love of realistic detail. He is a great imaginative writer who creates one of the most familiar resonant myths of modern literature. He is influenced by the writings of Addison, Steel and Swift. Defoe’s important works are: Robinson Crusoe (1719), Mol l Flanders (1722), Capitan Singleton (1720) and The History of Peter the Great and Colonel Jack (1722). Defoe died in London on April 24, 1731. 1.2.2. Life and Works of Conrad Joseph Conrad was born in December 3, 1857. His childhood was affected by his homeland’s struggle for independence. He is a Polish novelist and short story writer. Conrad is one of the English language’s greatest stylists. He becomes one of the greatest writers in the world. His major works include Heart of Darkness (1902), Lord Jim (1900), The Secret Agent (1907), Under the Western Eyes (1911) and Nostrome (1904). He died of heart failure on August 3, 1924.

Assimilation(white policy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assimilation(white policy) - Essay Example This way, assimilation allows ways of life to be kept alive through choice by not enforcing laws and policies that ensure people follow only the given and prescribed Australian culture. Migrants get an opportunity to retain their sense of belonging to their native society despite being in a completely new environment with disparities in ways of life (Henry and Kurzak, 2012). In addition, assimilation is the best way to go in regard to inculcating and coming up with a unified society. This is because a society using assimilation gets an opportunity to evaluate itself and adapt appropriately in order to meet the needs of the new population, as well as its own needs. This is because different cultures have different characteristics, and each may have its own strengths and weaknesses and, as a result, assimilation allows different populations to borrow values that are positive or appealing to them from the immigrants and include them in their own. This is for the creation of a wholesome society that does not fight within itself under the guise of cultural values, followings and predispositions. In addition, the issue of disunity does not arise in assimilation since all population follows a given and harmonized culture that is widely accepted by all. As such, migrants and natives are able live harmoniously and with acceptance of each other as all attempts to get along due to the common culture that they are expected to follow. In relation to rights and freedoms, assimilation allows the entire Australian population to enjoy similar rights and freedoms (Guess, 2010). This is in spite of the presence of foreign migrants, aboriginals and native Australians. Because of assimilation, all populations are bound to live under the same umbrella of living conditions, where no single population group experiences disparity concerning privileges and responsibilities (Murphy,

Project Managment - MUST HAVE PROJECT EXPERIENCE - NOT INFO. TECH Research Paper

Project Managment - MUST HAVE PROJECT EXPERIENCE - NOT INFO. TECH - Research Paper Example This is because to achieve profitability, the financial record of a business organization has to depict a high value of sales. On this note therefore, a project management team ensures that the objectives and aims of a company are met. It is important to develop structures of managing a sales team because of the following roles that they play in an organization, (Jobber and Geoffrey, 2006). 1. Members of a sales team directly engage with customers, and are responsible for selling the products of the company, and maintaining the existing customers of the organization. It is their duty to conduct market research, collect feedback on the performance of their products from the customers, and develop a strategy that will make the organization achieve its sales targets. 2. The sales team determines the profitability of an organization, therefore understanding their role in a business organization helps the management in developing a marketing strategy that will efficiently serve the intere st of the organization. 3. The purpose of a sales team is to generate revenue for the organization, and therefore the department must align itself to the needs of customers. To effectively align the sales team to the needs of the department, it is important to create a sales management plan. The key to building and initiating a successful sales project is to develop a document that outlines the specific goals of the organization, tasks, deadlines and costs. The scope provides information on the roles and duties of team members and methodologies of verifying and approving completed works. For instance, the major aim of our sales team was to develop and execute a plan of establishing new markets for the products of Sumo hardware’s. In building an effective project scope, it is important to use facilitative meeting procedures, and collaborative decision making methodology. Facilitative meetings involve the use of tools such as Joint Application Design (JAD). These meetings are m oderated by a neutral facilitator, for purposes of engaging all the stakeholders of the business organization in developing decisions that will guide the operations of the project (Gonc?alves and Brian, 2008) . In collecting information from participants, the facilitator will use collaborative techniques such as taking a keen interest on the ideas, and interests of participants. This information will help in coming up with a relevant scope of the project. The scope will provide guidance for purposes of developing the plan and strategies of the marketing campaign. The scope of the project that I undertook with Sumo Hardware’s was to develop a sales plan, and execute it, for purposes of increasing the revenue of the organization. The sales process satisfies the four stages of project management; which are initiation, planning, execution and control, and the last stage is closure. At the initiation stage, the manager defines the scope of a project, and the methods he or she will use to achieve the objectives of the project. It is at this stage that members of a team are selected, and the manager outlines their roles (Heagney, 2012). For instance, as members of the sales management team at Sumo hardware’s, it was our duty to set realistic target for the sales revenue of the organization. For instance, basing on the size and target market, we did set a target of 200,000 dollars a month. In meeting this target, it was essential to